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Grape seed (Vitis vinifera, Vitis coignetiae)
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Grape seed/Drug Interactions:- GeneralGeneral: Based on mechanism of action, grape seed extract (GSE) may interact with drugs that use organic anion-transporting polypeptide B substrates in intestinal absorption, because GSE can inhibit estrone-3-sulfate uptake (40).
- ACE inhibitorsACE inhibitors: Based on in vitro and animal study, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) may inhibit angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activity by non-competitive inhibition (41).
- Allopurinol and other xanthine oxidase inhibitorsAllopurinol and other xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Based on in vitro study, OPCs may be strong and non-competitive inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (39).
- Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: Based on a clinical study and in vitro evidence, Pycnogenol® or OPC preparations may significantly and dose dependently reduce platelet aggregation (12; 14; 13).
- AntiemeticsAntiemetics: Based on adverse effects reported in clinical trials, grape seed extract may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea and indigestion (9; 20; 32; 36; 22).
- AntihypertensivesAntihypertensives: Based on an adverse effect reported in a clinical study, Endotelon® may cause dizziness and hypertension (9). However, in vitro studies have shown that OPCs may reduce hypertension (10; 11).
- Antilipemic agentsAntilipemic agents: Based on animal studies, OPCs may decrease total cholesterol (42; 43). Based on a clinical trial, the combination of chromium and GSE may significantly decrease LDL cholesterol (18). Based on animal study, there is conflicting evidence on whether grape seed increases, decreases or maintains HDL concentration; however, a clinical trial found that grape seed did not significantly affect HDL (18; 42; 44).
- Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents: GSE has been studied extensively in animal and laboratory study to determine potential mechanisms of action for its potential chemotherapeutic effects, with most of the focus on the proanthocyanidins and gallic acid (45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53). In theory, grape seed may interact with other antineoplastic agents.
- Cytochrome P450 metabolized agentsCytochrome P450 metabolized agents: Based on an in vitro study, GSE may reduce CYP-4502E1 activity (8). In vitro study has also showed that grape seed can inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 at 10mcM (54).
- Folate analogsFolate analogs: Based on in vitro study, the ability of OPCs to inhibit xanthine oxidase may lead to methotrexate toxicity (39).
- MethotrexateMethotrexate: Based on in vitro study, the ability of OPCs to inhibit xanthine oxidase may lead to methotrexate toxicity (39).
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Grape seed/Herb/Supplement Interactions:- Anticoagulants and antiplateletsAnticoagulants and antiplatelets: Based on a clinical study and in vitro evidence, Pycnogenol® or oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) preparations may significantly and dose dependently reduce platelet aggregation (12; 14; 13). Examples include Ginkgo biloba and garlic (Allium sativum). Grape seed may also increase blood levels of herbs processed by the liver, such as chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus).
- AntiemeticsAntiemetics: Based on adverse effects reported in clinical trials, grape seed extract (GSE) may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea and indigestion (22; 9; 20; 32; 36).
- AntilipemicsAntilipemics: Based on animal studies, OPCs may decrease total cholesterol (42; 43). Based on a clinical trial, the combination of chromium and grape seed extract may significantly decrease LDL (18). Based on animal study, there is conflicting evidence on whether grape seed increases, decreases or maintains HDL concentration; however, a clinical trial found that grape seed did not significantly affect HDL (18; 42; 44).
- AntineoplasticsAntineoplastics: GSE has been studied extensively in animal and laboratory study to determine potential mechanisms of action for its potential chemotherapeutic effects, with most of the focus on the proanthocyanidins and gallic acid (45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53). In theory, grape seed may interact with other herbs or supplements with anticancer effects.
- AntioxidantsAntioxidants: Based on clinical trials and in vitro study, OPCs may have antioxidant properties (55; 39; 17; 56; 57).
- Cardioactive herbsCardioactive herbs: Based on in vitro and animal study, OPCs may inhibit angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activity by non-competitive inhibition (41).
- Cytochrome P450 metabolized herbs and supplementsCytochrome P450 metabolized herbs and supplements: Based on an in vitro study, grape seed extract may reduce CYP-4502E1 activity (8). Grape seed may also increase blood levels of herbs processed by the liver, such as chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus). In vitro study has also showed that grape seed can inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 at 10mcM (54).
- FolateFolate: Based on in vitro study, OPCs may inhibit xanthine oxidase, which may affect folate metabolism (39).
- HypotensivesHypotensives: Based on an adverse effect reported in a clinical study, Endotelon® may cause dizziness and hypertension (9). However, in vitro studies have shown that OPCs may reduce hypertension (10; 11).
- Lactobacillus acidophilusLactobacillus acidophilus: Based on secondary sources, concomitant administration of grape seed and Lactobacillus acidophilus may prevent Lactobacillus acidophilus colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Vitamins (Vitamin C)Vitamins (Vitamin C): Although one study showed Leucoselect®-phytosome (an OPC preparation) to have no effect on vitamin C levels (17), anecdotal reports have indicated that flavonoids from grape seed enhance the absorption and effectiveness of vitamin C.
- Vitamins (Vitamin E)Vitamins (Vitamin E): Although one study showed Leucoselect®-phytosome (an OPC preparation) had no effect on vitamin E levels (17); anecdotal reports have indicated that grape seed enhances the effectiveness of vitamin E.
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Grape seed/Food Interactions:- Lactobacillus acidophilus-containing foodsLactobacillus acidophilus-containing foods: Based on secondary sources, concomitant administration of grape seed and Lactobacillus acidophilus may prevent Lactobacillus acidophilus colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Grape seed/Lab Interactions:- Coagulation panelCoagulation panel: Based on a clinical study and in vitro evidence, Pycnogenol® or oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) preparations may significantly and dose dependently reduce platelet aggregation (12; 14; 13).
- Serum high density lipoproteins (HDL)Serum high density lipoproteins (HDL): Based on animal study, there is conflicting evidence on whether grape seed increases, decreases or maintains HDL concentration; however, a clinical trial found that grape seed did not significantly affect HDL (18; 42; 44).
- Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL): Based on a clinical trial, the combination of chromium and grape seed extract (GSE) may significantly decrease LDL (18).
- Serum total cholesterolSerum total cholesterol: Based on animal studies, OPCs may decrease total cholesterol (42; 43).
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Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (www.naturalstandard.com)
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The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
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